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Jan 01, 2011· Recent studies have suggested that microbial activity in highly compacted bentonite (⩾1600 kg/m 3) is severely suppressed.Therefore, it appears that the dry density of emplaced bentonite barriers in a geological repository for nuclear waste may be tailored such that a microbiologically unfavorable environment can be created adjacent to used fuel containers.
Many safety functions required of the compacted bentonite buffer in the KBS-3 concept rely on processes influenced by the composition of the pore water. Important safety-relevant processes are related to the bentonite buffer, e.g. swelling, precipitation and dissolution reactions, and transport of water, colloids and ions. One of the methods ...
Mar 16, 2013· This paper presents simulation results related to coupled thermal–hydraulic–mechanical (THM) processes in engineered barrier systems (EBS) and clay host rock, in one case considering a possible link to geochemistry. This study is part of the US DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's used fuel disposition campaign, to investigate current modeling capabilities and to identify issues and .
only natural sodium bentonite from Wyoming was used for the FE Experiment. Optimization of density and water content was done to ensure the long-term integrity of the blocks. Thereafter, approx. 3,000 highly compacted bentonite blocks were produced. 350 tons of a highly compacted and granulated bentonite mixture (GBM)
issues are resolved, the potential of clays and clay minerals for long- ... related to the cation exchange capacity of the constituent clay ... of Compacted Wyoming (Na-) Bentonite 62 3-1 Schematic Figure of Stacked 2:1 Layers Indicating the Two Major Locations of Exchange Sites 68 3-2 Effect of Temperature and Solid:Fluid Ratio on
thick compacted clay liners, due to the bentonite's ability to self-seal and re-heal. Other features of needlepunched GCLs are sometime product dependent and include (but are not limited to): - High internal shear strength for steeper slopes - Durable geotextiles for the encapsulation of bentonite and long-term performance
sensitivity of compacted bentonite blocks to ambient relative humidity was investigated thoroughly and systematically to optimise the manufacturing parameters (items ii and iii) and to avoid damage to the blocks during in-situ emplacement operations (Garitte et al., 2015).
in compaction properties between different deliveries of bentonite material. Earlier it has been found that the granule size distribution affects the strength and compaction properties of the material (Sandén et al. 2016). There have also been some material related issues related to the production of bentonite
Reference: Issues relating to the manufacture and emplacement of compacted bentonite upon the performance of the KBS-3 design. Modeling FEBEX Large-Scale In Situ Test. Citing article.
conventional compacted clay. In general, the hydraulic head concern with a GCL-lined canal is lesser, be-cause of a dependable, steady head. Also, desiccation or freeze/thaw concerns can be alleviated by the constant hydration of the GCL seal-ing system. Ensuring the true per-formance of the GCL, then, depends upon strong bentonite encapsula-tion.
May 25, 2015· The use of compacted mixtures of bentonite powder and bentonite pellets as backfill material in underground repositories for nuclear waste is an attractive proposition because it reduces significantly the compaction effort that is required to achieve the value of dry density needed to provide an adequate swelling potential on hydration.
Compacted bentonite is proposed as an engineered barrier material within facilities for the geological disposal of radioactive waste. Barrier performance and its interaction with a free gas phase must be considered as part of sound repository design. This study involved the long-term experimental examination of gas flow in precompacted bentonite, with particular consideration of gas network ...
(2016, this volume) in a pioneering study of the impact of Ti corrosion on compacted MX80 bentonite. This is relevant for the alternative Swedish and Finnish repository design, KBS-3H, where horizontal emplacement of copper canisters-bentonite modules surrounded by a titanium shell is foreseen.
issues related to the buffer and backfill materials, while the quality control of installation work is excluded. Geologically bentonite is defined as a clay or claystone composing largely (dominantly) of smectite minerals (Neuendorf et al. 2005). The material has the ability to absorb water accompanied by a large increase of volume.
The predictive method was verified in by the swelling tests on different types of bentonite-sand mixtures, such as Kunigel-V 1 Na-bentonite (Sun et al., 2009), Ca-bentonite (Agus and Schanz, 2008 ...
Fibers from the non-woven geotextile are needle punched through the layer of bentonite and incorporated into the other geotextile (either a woven or non-woven).when hydrated under a confining load, the bentonite swells to form a low permeability clay layer with the equivalent hydraulic protection of several feet of compacted clay.
Pore sizes in compacted Na-bentonite were measured at WL by Hg injection . Most pore diameters centered around 0.01 μm with very few larger pores present. Poresizes in compacted buffer material (50% sand, 50% Avonlea Na-bentonite), as measured at WL by Hg injection into the dried material, appear to have a trimodal distribution . The large and ...
Jul 19, 2016· In this paper, a double structure formulation is used to describe the behaviour of compacted bentonite/sand mixtures intended as sealing material in underground repositories for nuclear waste. The formulation accounts for the presence of two distinct porosity levels in the material as revealed in the pore size distributions determined by mercury intrusion porosimetry technique.
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production of a Granular Bentonite Material (GBM) and its emplacement in the upper part of a clay barrier were feasible (ENRESA 2005). The lower part of the barrier was composed by blocks of compacted bentonite on which the dummy canister rested. The EB niche excavated in the
May 31, 2019· Issues relating to the manufacture and emplacement of compacted bentonite upon the performance of the KBS-3 design. Chapter. Jun 2004; David Savage. View. 25 Reads;
The outside diameter of the canister was 1050 mm, the height was 4830 mm, and the total weight was 21.4 metric tons. The bentonite used as the buffer material was Wyoming bentonite (MX-80). The buffer was installed as highly compacted bentonite blocks and rings with an initial bulk dry density of 1710 and 1790 kg/m 3, respectively. The initial ...
Clay mineral - Clay mineral - Origin: All the clay minerals, with the possible exception of halloysite, have been synthesized from mixtures of oxides or hydroxides and water at moderately low temperatures and pressures. Kaolinite tends to form in alumina-silica systems without alkalies or alkaline earths. Illite is formed when potassium is added to such systems.
relative desirability of soils as compacted fill. SOIL COMPACTION HANDBOOK 7 Effect of moisture The response of soil to moisture is very important, as the soil must carry the load year-round. Rain, for example, may transform soil into a plastic state or even into a liquid. In this state, soil has
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